Computer Networking
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Concepts of computer networking
Computer networking refers to the practice of connecting multiple computers and other devices together to share resources and communicate with each other. This interconnected network allows data and information to be exchanged between devices, enabling various applications and services, such as accessing the internet, sharing files, printing documents, and more. Computer networking plays a crucial role in modern technology and has become an integral part of both personal and business computing.
- Devices : These are the physical hardware components used to create a network. Common devices include computers, servers, routers, switches, hubs, and wireless access points.
- Protocols : Networking protocols are a set of rules and conventions that dictate how data is transmitted, received, and processed across a network. Examples of protocols include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
- Topologies : Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of devices and their interconnections in a network. Common topologies include star, bus, ring, and mesh.
- LAN (Local Area Network) : LANs are small-scale networks that typically cover a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or campus. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are common technologies used to implement LANs.
- WAN (Wide Area Network) : WANs are larger networks that cover a broader geographic area, often spanning multiple cities or countries. The internet itself is a massive WAN. WAN technologies include leased lines, MPLS, and VPNs (Virtual Private Networks).
- IP Addressing : Every device on a network is assigned a unique IP (Internet Protocol) address to identify it within the network. IPv4 and IPv6 are the two primary versions of the IP protocol.
- Routing : Routers are devices that determine the best path for data to travel from one network to another. They use routing tables and routing protocols to make these decisions.
- Switching : Switches are devices that operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and are used to efficiently forward data within a LAN.
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